Flexible display device and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

A flexible display device includes a substrate, a light emitting layer, a first insulating layer, and a conductive layer. The substrate includes a bent region and a non-bent region. The light emitting layer overlaps the non-bent region. The first insulating layer is disposed on the substrate. The conductive layer is disposed on the first insulating layer. A sidewall of the first insulating layer includes a first tapered surface. The first tapered surface includes at least three curved surface portions continuously arranged with one another.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/515,025, filed Jul. 18, 2019, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/041,952, filed Jul. 23, 2018, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,403,698, which is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/603,362, filed May 23, 2017, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,056,444, and claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0129098, filed Oct. 6, 2016, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND Field

One or more exemplary embodiments relate to a flexible display device and a method of manufacturing the same.

Discussion

Demand for portable display devices and interest in flexible display devices that may be bent, folded, or otherwise deformed via external forces of a user are increasing. A flexible display device may include a flexible substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT), and a light emitting unit. When an inorganic material is arranged in a bent region of the flexible display device, stress caused by bending the flexible display device may, in turn, cause the inorganic material to be transformed (e.g., volumetrically deformed) and damaged. When a step difference is provided in the bent region and a metal material is arranged on the step difference, the metal material may be cut off, cracked, or otherwise damaged due to the step difference.

The above information disclosed in this section is only for enhancement of an understanding of the background of the inventive concepts, and, therefore, it may contain information that does not form prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

SUMMARY

One or more exemplary embodiments provide a flexible display device including a metal wiring line on a curved surface to prevent (or at least reduce) the potential of the metal wiring line from being shorted.

One or more exemplary embodiments provide a flexible display device in which inorganic material arranged in a bending region is removed via laser radiation to reduce the number of masks used to manufacture the flexible display device.

One or more exemplary embodiments provide a method of manufacturing a flexible display device including a metal wiring line on a curved surface to prevent (or at least reduce) the potential of the metal wiring line from being shorted.

One or more exemplary embodiments provide a method of manufacturing a flexible display device in which inorganic material arranged in a bending region is removed via laser radiation to reduce the number of masks used to manufacture the flexible display device.

Additional aspects will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and, in part, will be apparent from the disclosure, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concepts.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a flexible display device includes a substrate, a light emitting layer, a first insulating layer, and a conductive layer. The substrate includes a bent region and a non-bent region. The light emitting layer overlaps the non-bent region. The first insulating layer is disposed on the substrate. The conductive layer is disposed on the first insulating layer. A sidewall of the first insulating layer includes a first tapered surface. The first tapered surface includes at least three curved surface portions continuously arranged with one another.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a method of manufacturing a flexible display device includes forming a first insulating layer on a surface of a substrate, the substrate including a bending region and a non-bending region; removing, via laser radiation, a portion of the first insulating layer, the portion of the first insulating layer overlapping the bending region; forming a conductive layer on the first insulating layer; and forming a light emitting layer overlapping the non-bending region.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments, since the metal material of a conductive layer is arranged on a curved surface, it is possible to provide a flexible display device in which the metal material of the conductive layer is not cut off, as well as possible to provide a method of manufacturing the same. In addition, according to one or more exemplary embodiments, since an inorganic material arranged in the bent region is removed by radiating a laser onto the inorganic material, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a flexible display device in which the number of masks used to manufacture the flexible display device is reduced, as may be manufacturing time and costs.

The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the inventive concept, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept, and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the inventive concept.

FIG. 1 is a view of a flexible display device, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the flexible display device of FIG. 1 in a bent state, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are cross-sectional views of the flexible display device of FIG. 1 taken along sectional line I-I′, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a pixel of the flexible display device of FIG. 1 taken along sectional line according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of being laser ablated, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, 6I, 6J, and 6K are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of being manufactured, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments.

Unless otherwise specified, the illustrated exemplary embodiments are to be understood as providing exemplary features of varying detail of various exemplary embodiments. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions, aspects, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as “elements”), of the various illustrations may be otherwise combined, separated, interchanged, and/or rearranged without departing from the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Further, in the accompanying figures, the size and relative sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. When an exemplary embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific process order may be performed differently from the described order. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to the described order. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.

When an element is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element, it may be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. When, however, an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Further, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and the D3-axis are not limited to three axes of a rectangular coordinate system, and may be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and the D3-axis may be perpendicular to one another, or may represent different directions that are not perpendicular to one another. For the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “over,” and the like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, to describe one element's relationship to another element(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms, are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and, as such, are utilized to account for inherent deviations in measured, calculated, and/or provided values that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized exemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the particular illustrated shapes of regions, but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for instance, manufacturing. In this manner, regions illustrated in the drawings are schematic in nature and shapes of these regions may not illustrate the actual shapes of regions of a device, and, as such, are not intended to be limiting.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

FIG. 1 is a view of a flexible display device, according to one or more exemplary embodiments. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the flexible display device of FIG. 1 in a bent state, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the flexible display device has a substrate SUB including a first non-bent region FA1, a bent region BA, and a second non-bent region FA2. The first non-bent region FA1 and the second non-bent region FA2 may be manufactured in various shapes to implement various functions. For example, a light emitting unit (or structure) DIS that displays an image and a thin film transistor layer TFT that drives the light emitting unit DIS may be arranged in (e.g., overlap) the first non-bent region FA1. Although illustrated as single layers, the light emitting unit DIS and the thin film transistor layer TFT may include a plurality of layers, as will become more apparent below. A circuit pattern SD that applies a signal for driving at least one of the thin film transistor layer TFT and the light emitting unit DIS may be arranged in (e.g., overlap) the second non-bent region FA2. A conductive layer CL may be arranged in (e.g., overlap) the bent region BA. The conductive layer CL may be used as a wiring (or signal) line that transmits the signal from the circuit pattern SD to at least one of the thin film transistor layer TFT and the light emitting unit DIS.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are cross-sectional views of the flexible display device of FIG. 1 taken along sectional line I-I′, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 3A, in at least one of the first non-bent region FA1 and the second non-bent region FA2, a barrier layer BR, a gate insulating layer GI, a first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, a second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, and the conductive layer CL are sequentially arranged on the substrate SUB. It is also contemplated that one or more portions of at least one of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, and the conductive layer CL may overlap the bent region BA, such as one or more portions of the barrier layer BR.

The substrate SUB may be formed of a flexible material to be bent, folded, or otherwise deformed. The substrate SUB may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. For example, the substrate SUB may include at least one of polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, triacetate cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate. The material of which the substrate SUB is formed may vary and may include fiber glass reinforced plastic.

The barrier layer BR increases smoothness of a surface (e.g., top surface) of the substrate SUB and/or prevents impurities from the substrate SUB from permeating into the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, and the conductive layer CL. The barrier layer BR may have a tapered sidewall provided with continuously arranged curved surfaces CS1, CS2, and CS3. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the number of curved surfaces provided on the sidewall of the barrier layer BR may be larger than three.

The barrier layer BR may have a multilayer structure. Among the multiple layers, a layer that contacts the substrate SUB may include at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride, and may increase the smoothness of the substrate SUB. Among the multiple layers, layers that do not contact the substrate SUB may include at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride, and may prevent the impurities from the substrate SUB from permeating into the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, and the conductive layer CL.

The gate insulating layer GI may include at least one of the materials described to be included in the barrier layer BR. The gate insulating layer GI may have a tapered sidewall provided with continuously arranged curved surfaces CS4, CS5, and CS6. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the number of curved surfaces provided on the sidewall of the gate insulating layer GI may be larger than three.

The first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 may include at least one of the materials described to be included in the barrier layer BR. The first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 may have a tapered sidewall provided with continuously arranged curved surfaces CS7, CS8, and CS9. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the number of curved surfaces provided on the sidewall of the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 may be larger than three.

The second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 may include at least one of the materials described to be included in the barrier layer BR. The second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 may have a tapered sidewall provided with continuously arranged curved surfaces CS10, CS11, and CS12. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the number of curved surfaces provided on the sidewall of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 may be larger than three.

The conductive layer CL is arranged on the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 and may include metal, for example, at least one of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), and molybdenum (Mo). According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the conductive layer CL may have a multilayer structure. For example, the conductive layer CL may have a three-layer structure of Ti/Al/Ti.

An opening OPN is formed in each of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 in a region overlapping the bent region BA. Since the opening OPN separates opposing portions of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 in a region overlapping the bent region BA, although the bent region BA is bent, stress is not applied to (or may be reduced in) the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. In addition, since the conductive layer CL is arranged on a tapered surface provided with a flat part or the curved surfaces CS1 through CS12, although the bent region BA is bent, the conductive layer CL is not cut off, cracked, or otherwise damaged. To this end, the tapered surface provided with a flat part and/or curved surfaces CS1 through CS12 may increase surface area in which the conductive layer CL contacts at least one of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. This increase in contacting surface area may also prevent (or at least reduce) the potential for the conductive layer CL from lifting off of (e.g., delaminating from) the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 may respectively be a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, and a fourth insulating layer.

Referring to FIG. 3B, in at least one of the first non-bent region FA1 and the second non-bent region FA2, the barrier layer BR, a gate insulating layer GI′, a first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, a second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′, and the conductive layer CL are sequentially arranged on the substrate SUB. It is also contemplated that one or more portions of at least one of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′, and the conductive layer CL′ may overlap the bent region BA, such as one or more portions of the barrier layer BR. For convenience, description of the same (or similar) elements as those described with reference to FIG. 3A will be omitted to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

Unlike the gate insulating layer GI illustrated in FIG. 3A, the gate insulating layer GI′ has a tapered sidewall without curved surfaces. Unlike the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 illustrated in FIG. 3A, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′ has a tapered sidewall without curved surfaces. Unlike the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 illustrated in FIG. 3A, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ has a tapered sidewall without curved surfaces. As shown in FIG. 3B, each of the tapered sidewalls of the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating interlayer ILD2′ form an acute angle with the substrate SUB.

As seen in FIG. 3B, a step difference (e.g., a lateral spacing) is provided between the gate insulating layer GI′ and the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, which forms a portion which is parallel to the substrate SUB. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, step difference may be provided between the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′ and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ or in at least one of (or between at least two of) the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′.

Since the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ have opposing portions that are separated from each other due to the opening OPN provided in the bent region BA, although the bent region BA is bent, stress is not applied to (or may be reduced in) the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′. In addition, since the conductive layer CL′ is arranged on the tapered surface provided with a flat part or curved surfaces CS1 through CS3, although the bent region BA is bent, the conductive layer CL is not cut off. To this end, the tapered surface provided with a flat part and/or curved surfaces CS1 through CS3 may increase surface area in which the conductive layer CL′ contacts at least one of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′. This increase in contacting surface area may also prevent (or at least reduce) the potential for the conductive layer CL′ from lifting off of (e.g., delaminating from) the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′.

Referring to FIG. 3C, in at least one of the first non-bent region FA1 and the second non-bent region FA2, a barrier layer BR′, a gate insulating layer GI″, a first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, a second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″, an organic layer OL, and the conductive layer CL are sequentially arranged on the substrate SUB. It is also contemplated that one or more portions of at least one of the barrier layer BR′, the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″, the organic layer OL, and the conductive layer CL″ may overlap the bent region BA, such as one or more portions of the organic layer OL. For convenience, description of the same (or similar) elements as those described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B will be omitted to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

Unlike the barrier layer BR illustrated in FIG. 3A, the barrier layer BR′ may have a tapered sidewall provided with a curved surface. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the barrier layer BR′ may have a tapered sidewall without a curved surface or may have a differently shaped sidewall. Unlike the gate insulating layer GI illustrated in FIG. 3A, a sidewall of the gate insulating layer GI″ may not be provided with curved surfaces, nor may it be tapered. A sidewall of the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″ may not be provided with curved surfaces, nor may it be tapered. A sidewall of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ may not be provided with curved surfaces, nor may it be tapered.

The organic layer OL may be arranged to fill (or at least partially fill) the opening OPN. Due to the opening OPN, the sidewalls and step differences of the barrier layer BR′, the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ are not exposed to the outside. An exposed part of the organic layer OL may be tapered. To this end, a surface (e.g., an upper surface) of the organic layer OL opposing a surface (e.g., upper surface) of the substrate SUB may be curved. For instance, the surface of the organic layer OL may arcuately protrude away from the surface of the substrate SUB. The conductive layer CL″ is arranged on the organic layer OL.

Since the barrier layer BR′, the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ have opposing portions that are separated from each other due to the opening OPN provided in the bent region BA, although the bent region BA is bent, stress is not applied to (or may be reduced in) the barrier layer BR′, the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″. In addition, since the conductive layer CL″ is arranged on a flat part of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ or the exposed tapered surface of the organic layer OL, although the bent region BA is bent, the conductive layer CL″ is not cut off. To this end, the tapered surface of the organic layer OL may increase surface area in which the conductive layer CL″ contacts the organic layer OL in the bent region BA. This increase in contacting surface area may also prevent (or at least reduce) the potential for the conductive layer CL″ from lifting off of (e.g., delaminating from) the organic layer OL.

Referring to FIG. 3D, in at least one of the first non-bent region FA1 and the second non-bent region FA2, a barrier layer BR″, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′, an organic layer OL′, and the conductive layer CL″′ are sequentially arranged on the substrate SUB. It is also contemplated that one or more portions of at least one of the barrier layer BR″, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′, the organic layer OL′, and the conductive layer CL″′ may overlap the bent region BA, such as one or more portions of the barrier layer BR″ and the organic layer OL′. For convenience, description of the same (or similar) elements as those described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3C will be omitted to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

The barrier layer BR″ has an island ISL overlapping the bent region BA. The island ISL does not contact a part excluding the island ISL of the barrier layer BR″. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, one or more surfaces (e.g., sidewall surfaces) of the island ISL may be tapered.

The organic layer OL′ has a concavo-convex part PD. A shape of the concavo-convex part PD corresponds to that of the island ISL. A part of the organic layer OL′ is tapered and a remaining part of the organic layer OL′ is flat. For example, when the island ISL is tapered, a shape of the concavo-convex part PD may be tapered.

Since the barrier layer BR″, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ have opposing portions that are separated from each other due to the opening OPN′ provided in the bent region BA, although the bent region BA is bent, stress is not applied to (or may be reduced in) the barrier layer BR″, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′. In addition, since the conductive layer CL″′ is arranged on a flat part of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ or the flat part and the tapered surface of the organic layer OL′, although the bent region BA is bent, the conductive layer CL′ is not cut off.

In addition, since the conductive layer CL″′ is arranged on the concavo-convex part PD of the organic layer OL′, a part of the conductive layer CL″′ may also be concavo-convex. When the conductive layer CL″′ is concavo-convex, stress applied to the conductive layer CL′ due to the bending of the bent region BA may be reduced. To this end, the tapered surface of the organic layer OL′ may increase surface area in which the conductive layer CL″′ contacts the organic layer OL′ in the bent region BA. This increase in contacting surface area may also prevent (or at least reduce) the potential for the conductive layer CL″′ from lifting off of (e.g., delaminating from) the organic layer OL′.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a pixel of the flexible display device of FIG. 1 taken along sectional line according to one or more exemplary embodiments. In the first non-bent region FA1, the thin film transistor layer TFT and the light emitting unit DIS are sequentially arranged on the substrate SUB.

The thin film transistor layer TFT includes a barrier layer BR, an active pattern ACT, a gate insulating layer GI, a gate electrode GE, a first capacitor electrode CE1, a first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, a second capacitor electrode CE2, a second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, a source electrode SE, a drain electrode DE, and a passivation layer PSL. For convenience, only elements not described in association with at least one of FIGS. 3A through 3D will be described in association with FIG. 4 . In other words, since the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 were described in association with at least one of FIGS. 3A through 3D, duplicative descriptions will be omitted to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

The active pattern ACT is arranged between the barrier layer BR and the gate insulating layer GI. Although not illustrated, the active pattern ACT may include a channel region provided in a source region or a drain region or between the source region and the drain region. The active region ACT includes a semiconductor material and may include at least one of polysilicon, amorphous silicon, and a semiconductor oxide. It is contemplated, however, that any other suitable material may be utilized in association with exemplary embodiments. The channel region as a semiconductor pattern that is not doped with impurities and may be an intrinsic semiconductor. The source region and the drain region may be semiconductor patterns doped with impurities. The impurities may be at least one of n-type impurities, p-type impurities, and other metals.

The gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 are arranged between the gate insulating layer GI and the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1. That is, the gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 are arranged on the same plane or disposed at the same layer as one another. The gate electrode GE may be arranged to overlap the channel region of the active pattern ACT. The gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 may include a metal, for example, at least one of Al, Ti, Au, Ag, Co, Ni, Pt, and Mo. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. For instance, the gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 may have a multilayer structure of Ti/Al/Ti.

The second capacitor electrode CE2 is arranged between the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. The second capacitor electrode CE2 may include one of the materials described to be included in the first capacitor electrode CE1 and may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. The first capacitor electrode CE1 and the second capacitor electrode CE2 may form a capacitor with the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 disposed between the first capacitor electrode CE1 and the second capacitor electrode CE2.

The source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE are arranged on the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. The source electrode SE may be arranged to overlap the source region of the active pattern ACT. The drain electrode DE may be arranged to overlap the drain region of the active pattern ACT. The source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE contact the active pattern ACT through contact holes formed in the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may be arranged on the same plane (or disposed at the same layer) as the conductive layer CL illustrated in FIG. 3A, a configuration that will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6I and 6J.

The passivation layer PSL may be arranged on the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE. The passivation layer PSL may include an inorganic material and may further include an organic material according to one or more exemplary embodiments. The inorganic material may include at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride. The organic material may include photoacryl.

The light emitting unit DIS includes a first electrode ADE, a pixel defining layer PDL, a emission layer EL, and a second electrode CTE.

The first electrode ADE is arranged on the passivation layer PSL and contacts the drain electrode DE through a contact hole in the passivation layer PSL. The first electrode ADE may include a metal and a conductive oxide. For instance, the metal may include at least one of Ag, magnesium (Mg), Al, Pt, palladium (Pd), Au, Ni, neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), and chromium (Cr). The conductive oxide may include at least one of aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO).

The pixel defining layer PDL is arranged on the passivation layer PSL and the first electrode ADE, and exposes at least a portion of the first electrode ADE.

The emission layer EL is arranged on a portion of the first electrode ADE that is exposed by the pixel defining layer PDL. The emission layer EL may include a low molecular organic material or a high molecular organic material, and may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. For example, the emission layer EL may include a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, an emission layer EML, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL.

The second electrode CTE is arranged on the pixel defining layer PDL and the emission layer EL. The second electrode CTE may include at least one of the materials described to be included in the first electrode ADE. The second electrode CTE may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of being laser ablated, according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

For instance, FIG. 5A illustrates a laser emitter LE radiating a laser onto an inorganic layer IL that is disposed on substrate SUB′. FIG. 5B illustrates the substrate SUB′ and the inorganic layer IL onto which the laser is radiated. A part of the inorganic layer IL is removed by the radiating laser onto the inorganic layer IL. In this manner, a tapered sidewall is formed in the inorganic layer IL. The tapered sidewall has a curved surface CS.

Conventionally, patterning via a photolithography process, a photoresist coating process, a process of selective exposure using a mask, and a development process have been utilized. To reduce manufacturing cost and time, one or more exemplary embodiments reduce the number of photolithography processes to manufacture the flexible display device. That is, when patterning is performed via the photolithography process to prevent (or at least reduce) the material arranged in the bent region from being transformed and damaged due to the bending of the flexible display device, manufacturing cost and time may increase. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a laser is selectively radiated to pattern a material arranged in the bent region to prevent (or at least reduce) the material arranged in the bent region from being transformed and damaged due to the bending of the flexible display device. In this manner, the photolithography process may be omitted, and, as such, reductions in manufacturing cost and time may be achieved.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, 6I, 6J, and 6K are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments. For convenience, a process of manufacturing a flexible display device will be described in association with the flexible display device of FIGS. 3A and 4 . Also, for descriptive and illustrative convenience, various intermediate features will be described and referenced as corresponding to the feature eventually formed in the flexible display device.

In FIG. 6A, the barrier layer BR is formed on the substrate SUB. The barrier layer BR may be formed overlapping the first non-bent region FA1 and the bent region BA. It is also contemplated that the barrier layer BR may be formed overlapping the second non-bent region FA2. The barrier layer BR may be formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, for example, a plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) method.

In FIG. 6B, the active pattern ACT is formed on the barrier layer BR. The active pattern ACT may be formed overlapping the first non-bent region FA1.

In FIG. 6C, the gate insulating layer GI is formed on the active pattern ACT and exposed portions of the barrier layer BR. The gate insulating layer GI may be formed on the first non-bent region FA1 and the bent region BA. It is also contemplated that the barrier layer BR may be formed overlapping the second non-bent region FA2. The gate insulating layer GI may be formed by the CVD method like the barrier layer BR.

In FIG. 6D, the gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 are formed on the gate insulating layer GI. The gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 may be formed overlapping the first non-bent region FA1. The gate electrode GE may be formed to correspond to (e.g., overlapping) the channel region of the active pattern ACT. The gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1 may be formed by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method.

In FIG. 6E, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 is formed on the gate electrode GE, the first capacitor electrode CE1, and exposed portions of the gate insulating layer GI. The first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 may be formed overlapping the first non-bent region FA1 and the bent region BA. It is also contemplated that the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 may be formed overlapping the second non-bent region FA2. The first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 may be formed via the CVD method like the barrier layer BR.

In FIG. 6F, the second capacitor electrode CE2 is formed on the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1. The second capacitor electrode CE2 may be formed overlapping the first capacitor electrode CE1, and, thereby, formed overlapping the first non-bent region FA1.

In FIG. 6G, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 is formed on the second capacitor electrode CE2 and exposed portions of the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1. The second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 may be formed overlapping the first non-bent region FA1 and the bent region BA. It is also contemplated that the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 may be formed overlapping the second non-bent region FA2.

In FIG. 6H, a first contact hole CNT1 and a second contact hole CNT2 that pass through the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 are formed. The first contact hole CNT1 and the second contact hole CNT2 may be formed via a dry etching method. Respective portions of the active pattern ACT are exposed by the first contact hole CNT1 and the second contact hole CNT2.

In FIG. 6I, portions of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 are removed by radiating a laser onto the portions of the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 that are arranged in the bent region BA. Due to the radiation of laser, as illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 6I, the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 an opening is formed. The opening has tapered sidewalls provided with the curved surfaces CS1 through CS12.

In FIG. 6J, the source electrode SE, the drain electrode DE, and the conductive layer CL are formed on the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. The source electrode SE, the drain electrode DE, and the conductive layer CL may be formed by the PVD method like the gate electrode GE and the first capacitor electrode CE1.

In FIG. 6K, the passivation layer PSL is formed on the source electrode SE, the drain electrode DE, and at least some exposed portions of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. For instance, the passivation layer PSL may not be formed overlapping the second non-bent region FA2 and the bent region BA. The passivation layer PSL may also not be formed on exposed portions of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 disposed in relatively close proximity to the bent region BA, e.g., exposed regions of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 including curved surfaces C10 through C12.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments. For convenience, a process of manufacturing a flexible display device will be described in association with FIGS. 7A and 7B, as well as with reference to the flexible display device of FIG. 3B. Further, various intermediate features will be described and referenced as corresponding to the feature eventually formed in the flexible display device. It is also noted that the process described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B is similar to the process described with reference to FIGS. 6A through 6K. As such, primarily differences from the process described with reference to FIGS. 6A through 6K will be provided to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

In FIG. 7A, unlike in FIG. 6H, while the first contact hole CNT1 and the second contact hole CNT2 are being formed, respective portions of the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ arranged in the bent region BA are also patterned via etching. In this manner, the barrier layer BR is exposed via the etching process. When the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ are etched, a halftone mask or a slit mask may be used. Use of the halftone mask or the slit mask may cause, at least in part, sidewalls of the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ to be tapered.

In FIG. 7B, unlike in FIG. 6I, a portion of the barrier layer BR is removed by radiating a laser onto the portion of the barrier layer BR that is arranged in the bent region BA. The radiation of the laser causes, at least in part, a sidewall of the barrier layer BR to be tapered, and, thereby, provided with the curved surfaces CS1 through CS3. However, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ may have tapered sidewalls without curved surfaces.

After FIG. 7B, like in FIG. 6J, a conductive layer, such as conductive layer CL′ of FIG. 3B, is formed on the barrier layer BR, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments. For convenience, a process of manufacturing a flexible display device will be described in association with FIGS. 8A through 8C, as well as with reference to the flexible display device of FIG. 3C. Various intermediate features will be described and referenced as corresponding to the feature eventually formed in the flexible display device. It is also noted that the process described with reference to FIGS. 8A through 8C is similar to the processes described with reference to FIGS. 6A through 6K and FIGS. 7A and 7B. As such, primarily differences from the processes described with reference to FIGS. 6A through 6K and FIGS. 7A and 7B will be provided to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

In FIG. 8A, unlike in FIG. 6H, while the first contact hole CNT1 and the second contact hole CNT2 are being formed, the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ arranged in the bent region BA are also patterned via etching. In this manner, the barrier layer BR′ is exposed by the etching process. In addition, in FIG. 8A, unlike in FIG. 7A, since a halftone mask or a slit mask is not used when the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ are being etched, the gate insulating layer GI″, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1″, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″ do not have tapered sidewalls.

In FIG. 8B, a laser is radiated onto a part of the barrier layer BR′ that is arranged in the bent region BA. Unlike in FIGS. 6I and 7B, the barrier layer BR′ is not provided with a plurality of curved surfaces.

In FIG. 8C, in the bent region BA, the organic layer OL is formed on a part in which at least one of the substrate SUB and the barrier layer BR′ is exposed. The organic layer OL may be formed by selectively coating an organic materials with a dispenser without a photolithography process. After FIG. 8C, like in FIG. 6J, the conductive layer CL″ may be formed on the organic layer OL and exposed portions of the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2″. Referring back to FIG. 3C, since the conductive layer CL″ is formed on the tapered exposed portion of the organic layer OL, although the barrier layer BR′ is not provided with the plurality of curved surfaces and the bent region BA is bent, the conductive layer CL″ is not cut off. Further, given the increased surface area of the exposed portion of the organic layer OL, a potential for the conductive layer CL″ from lifting off of the organic layer OL may be reduced.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are cross-sectional views of a flexible display device at various stages of manufacture, according to one or more exemplary embodiments. For convenience, a process of manufacturing a flexible display device will be described in association with FIGS. 9A through 9C, as well as with reference to the flexible display device of FIG. 3D. Various intermediate features will be described and referenced as corresponding to the feature eventually formed in the flexible display device. Also, the process described with reference to FIGS. 9A through 9C is similar to the processes described with reference to FIGS. 6A through 6K, FIGS. 7A and 7B, and FIGS. 8A through 8C. As such, primarily differences from the processes described with reference to FIGS. 6A through 6K, FIGS. 7A and 7B, and FIGS. 8A through 8C will be provided to avoid obscuring exemplary embodiments.

In FIG. 9A, like in FIG. 7A, while the first contact hole CNT1 and the second contact hole CNT2 are being formed, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ arranged in the bent region BA are also patterned via etching. In this manner, the barrier layer BR″ is exposed by the etching process. As previously mentioned in association with the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ in FIG. 7A, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′ in FIG. 9A are etched using the slit mask or the halftone mask.

In FIG. 9B, a laser is radiated onto the barrier layer BR″. Unlike in FIG. 6K, due to the radiation of the laser, the barrier layer BR″ in FIG. 9B is formed including the island ISL. The island ISL does not contact other portions of the barrier layer BR″ excluding the island ISL. Also, the island ISL may include tapered sidewalls.

In FIG. 9C, the organic layer OL′ is formed on the barrier layer BR″, the gate insulating layer GI′, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1′, and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′. The organic layer OL′ may be formed by selectively coating an organic material via a dispenser without a photolithography process. The organic layer OL′ may have the concavo-convex part PD. The shape of the organic layer OL′ may correspond to that of the concavo-convex part PD. After FIG. 9C, like in FIG. 6J, the conductive layer CL″′ may be formed on the organic layer OL′ and the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2′.

Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this description. Accordingly, the inventive concepts are not limited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of the presented claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A display device comprising: a substrate comprising a bent region and a non-bent region; a first insulating layer on the substrate in the non-bent region, the first insulating layer comprising a first sub-sidewall adjacent to the bent region; a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer comprising a second sub-sidewall adjacent to the bent region; and a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer comprising a third sub-sidewall adjacent to the bent region, wherein: a first sidewall is formed of the first sub-sidewall, the second sub-sidewall, and the third sub-sidewall; the first sidewall comprises a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion; the third portion is substantially parallel to the substrate; and each of an angle between the first portion and the substrate and an angle between the second portion and the substrate is an acute angle.
 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein: the non-bent region comprises a first non-bent region and a second non-bent region; and the bent region is between the first non-bent region and the second non-bent region.
 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein: the first sub-sidewall is closer to the bent region than the second sub-sidewall; and the second sub-sidewall is closer to the bent region than the third sub-sidewall.
 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein: the first sub-sidewall corresponds to the first portion and the third portion; and the second sub-sidewall corresponds to the second portion.
 5. The display device of claim 1, further comprising: a conductive layer directly contacting the first sidewall.
 6. The display device of claim 1, further comprising: an organic layer covering the first sidewall.
 7. The display device of claim 6, further comprising: a conductive layer on the organic layer, wherein the conductive layer extends through the bent region.
 8. The display device of claim 1, further comprising: a thin film transistor on the substrate in the non-bent region, wherein the thin film transistor comprises: an active pattern on the substrate; a gate electrode on the first insulating layer; a source electrode on the third insulating layer; and a drain electrode on the third insulating layer.
 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the thin film transistor further comprises: a first capacitor electrode on the first insulating layer; and a second capacitor electrode on the second insulating layer such that the second insulating layer is between the second capacitor electrode and the first capacitor electrode.
 10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising: a passivation layer covering the source electrode and the drain electrode.
 11. The display device of claim 10, further comprising: a light emitting device on the passivation layer in the non-bent region.
 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein the light emitting device comprises: a first electrode on the passivation layer, the first electrode contacting the drain electrode through a contact hole in the passivation layer; a pixel defining layer on the passivation layer and the first electrode, the pixel defining layer exposing a portion of the first electrode; an emission layer on the portion of the first electrode exposed by the pixel definition layer; and a second electrode on the pixel defining layer and the emission layer.
 13. The display device of claim 1, further comprising: a barrier layer between the substrate and the first insulating layer.
 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein a second sidewall adjacent to the bent region of the barrier layer is closer to the bent region than the first sidewall.
 15. The display device of claim 13, wherein the barrier layer is formed of an inorganic insulating material.
 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the barrier layer is directly on the substrate.
 17. A display device comprising: a substrate comprising a bent region and a non-bent region; a first insulating layer on the substrate in the non-bent region, the first insulating layer comprising a first sidewall adjacent to the bent region; a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer comprising a second sidewall adjacent to the bent region; a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer comprising a third sidewall adjacent to the bent region; and a conductive layer on the first to third sidewalls, wherein: the conductive layer comprises a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion; the third portion is substantially parallel to the substrate; and each of an angle between the first portion and the substrate and an angle between the second portion and the substrate is an acute angle.
 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein the conductive layer directly contacts the first to third sidewalls.
 19. The display device of claim 17, further comprising: an organic layer covering the first to third sidewalls, wherein the conductive layer is on the organic layer.
 20. A display device comprising: a substrate comprising a bent region and a non-bent region; a first insulating layer on the substrate in the non-bent region, the first insulating layer comprising a first sub-sidewall adjacent to the bent region; a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer comprising a second sub-sidewall adjacent to the bent region; and a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer comprising a third sub-sidewall adjacent to the bent region, wherein: a first sidewall is formed of the first sub-sidewall, the second sub-sidewall, and the third sub-sidewall; the first sidewall comprises at least one patterned surface; and an angle between the at least one patterned surface and the substrate gradually increases as a distance from the bent region increases.
 21. The display device of claim 20, wherein the at least one patterned surface is disposed on one of the first sub-sidewall, the second sub-sidewall, and the third sub-sidewall.
 22. The display device of claim 20, wherein at least one of the first sub-sidewall, the second sub-sidewall, and the third sub-sidewall comprises the at least one patterned surface. 